Caspase protease cascade. .

Caspase protease cascade. . Initiating caspases include caspase-2, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-10 and executing caspases include caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-7, and caspase-14. The apoptosome recruits and activates the initiator caspase, caspase-9. Caspases constitute a protease cascade that can rapidly amplify cell death and inflammation responses. Caspase-2: Caspase-2 appears to function as an initiator caspase upstream of the mitochondria. In addition, caspases are arranged into a cascade such that the upstream caspases (initiator caspases, such as caspase-9) activate downstream caspases (effector caspases, such as caspase-2, -3 and -7). Simple explanation of the mechanisms of apoptosis triggered by internal signals (bcl-2), along the caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 pathway; and by external signals (FAS and TNF), along the caspase 8 pathway. The culmination of this cascade is the cleavage of a number of proteins in the cell, followed by cell disassembly, cell death, and, ultimately, the phagocytosis and removal of the cell debris. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that respond in succession when activated by apoptosis stimuli, leading to proteolysis, cell disassembly, and apoptosis. The caspase cascade can be triggered by stimuli from the cell surface or the mitochondria. Four major proteolytic cascades with disease relevance are candidates for therapeutic intervention, namely caspase-mediated apoptosis, blood coagulation, the matrix metalloproteinase cascade As the activation of an initiator caspase in cells inevitably triggers a cascade of downstream caspase activation, it is tightly regulated and often requires the assembly of a multicomponent complex under apoptotic conditions. Active caspase-9 then directly cleaves and activates effector caspases, such as caspase-3. Feb 1, 2024 · A bacterial defense system involves CRISPR-Cas–based detection of a target RNA that triggers a cascade of caspase-like proteolytic activities. Abstract Proteases are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of essential physiological processes, often by participating in a highly orchestrated sequence of events termed a 'proteolytic cascade'. These findings demonstrate that caspases are organized in a protease cascade, and that each activated caspase plays a distinct role (s) in the execution of Fas-induced cell death. May 5, 2025 · In this review, we categorize caspases into CARD-, DED-, and short/no pro-domain-containing groups and examine their critical functions in innate immunity and cell death, along with their Caspase Cascade Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that act in concert in a cascade triggered by apoptosis signaling. Jun 24, 2025 · Apoptosis: caspase-8 (extrinsic pathway) and caspase-9 (intrinsic pathway) play crucial roles in apoptosis by cleaving and activating executioner caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. All of these events were abrogated by removal of caspase-9 from the extracts, confirming that this protease is indispensable for cytochrome c–initiated triggering of the death program and occupies an apical point in the caspase cascade. rrf rjlex6 cqca1 vqxfm xj9lckj ci exyv cq86f 2dwg 9tgd